Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in people over 50. It affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. AMD comes in two forms: dry AMD and wet AMD. While both affect the macula, they differ in progression, symptoms, and treatment options.
This article explores the differences between the two types of AMD and highlights the specialized retinal care provided by Retina Associates Of Greater Philadelphia.
What is Dry AMD?
Dry AMD is more common, accounting for about 85 to 90% of cases. It occurs when the macula gradually thins over time as part of aging. This thinning leads to the breakdown of light-sensitive cells, causing a slow but progressive loss of central vision.
Symptoms of Dry AMD
- Blurry central vision: Difficulty seeing fine details, affecting reading, or recognizing faces
- Drusen formation: Yellow deposits under the retina that contribute to vision loss
- Difficulty adapting to low light: Struggling to see in dim lighting or after transitioning from bright to dark environments
- Reduced color brightness: Colors may appear less vibrant or bright
Dry AMD Progression
Dry AMD progresses slowly, and many patients may not notice changes in vision until the condition has advanced. In the late stages, it can develop into geographic atrophy, where large areas of the retina deteriorate, leading to more severe vision loss.
Understanding Wet AMD
Wet AMD, though less common, is more severe and responsible for most AMD-related vision loss. Wet AMD occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina. These vessels are fragile and leak blood or fluid, damaging the macula and causing rapid vision deterioration.
Wet AMD Symptoms
- Sudden vision loss: Rapid decrease in central vision
- Distorted vision: Straight lines appear wavy or bent (known as metamorphopsia)
- Dark or blank spots: Blind spots form in the center of the visual field
- Difficulty recognizing faces or reading: Blurred central vision makes it harder to see details
Progression of Wet AMD
Wet AMD progresses quickly and can cause severe vision loss within a short period. Immediate medical attention is crucial to prevent permanent vision loss.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatment
Treatment for Dry AMD
While there is currently no cure for dry AMD, several strategies can slow its progression.
- Lifestyle Changes: Patients are often encouraged to adopt a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and zinc
- AREDS Supplements: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) formula is a specific combination of vitamins and minerals that can slow progression
- Regular Monitoring: Regular eye exams are essential to monitor the condition and detect signs of progression to wet AMD
How Wet AMD is Treated
Wet AMD requires immediate treatment to prevent further damage to the retina. The goal of treatment is to stop or slow the abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage.
- Anti-VEGF Injections: The primary treatment involves anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) injections. Patients may require multiple injections over time to manage the condition.
- Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): PDT uses a light-activated drug and a special laser to target abnormal blood vessels without damaging surrounding tissues.
- Laser Therapy: In some cases, the eye doctor may use laser surgery to destroy abnormal blood vessels. However, this treatment is less common due to the development of anti-VEGF injections.
Specialized Care at Retina Associates Of Greater Philadelphia
We specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of dry and wet AMD. Our experienced ophthalmologists use advanced diagnostic tools to monitor and assess the progression of AMD.
Our patient-centered approach ensures everyone receives the highest standard of care, focusing on preserving vision and improving quality of life. We are committed to staying at the forefront of treatments, ensuring our patients benefit from the latest advancements in retinal care.
Protect Your Vision as You Age
While both dry and wet AMD affects the macula and can lead to vision loss, they differ significantly in symptoms, progression, and treatment options. Early detection and prompt treatment are key to preserving vision in both types.