Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is a critical eye condition that can cause sudden vision loss, akin to a stroke in the eye. Understanding the causes and symptoms of RAO is essential for early detection and effective treatment.
Retina Associates Of Greater Philadelphia specializes in advanced diagnostic and treatment options to manage RAO and protect your vision. In this article, we delve into the most common causes of RAO and highlight the specialized care we offer to ensure optimal retinal health.
What is Retinal Artery Occlusion?
Retinal artery occlusion refers to the blockage of the retinal arteries, which are responsible for supplying blood to the retina. This blockage can lead to a lack of oxygen and nutrients, resulting in sudden and severe vision loss. We often compare RAO to a stroke occurring in the eye. It requires immediate medical attention to prevent permanent damage.
Common Causes of Retinal Artery Occlusion
The most common causes of retinal artery occlusion include:
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis, or the hardening of the arteries, is a major cause of RAO. Plaque buildup in the arteries can lead to the formation of clots that can travel to the retinal arteries and cause a blockage.
Risk Factors: High cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle increase the risk of atherosclerosis and, consequently, RAO.
Embolism
An embolism occurs when a clot or piece of plaque travels from another part of the body to the retinal arteries. This can originate from the heart, carotid arteries, or other blood vessels.
Risk Factors: Conditions such as atrial fibrillation, heart valve disease, and carotid artery disease can increase the risk of embolism.
Giant Cell Arteritis
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory disease that affects the blood vessels, including the temporal arteries. Inflammation can lead to the occlusion of retinal arteries.
Risk Factors: GCA primarily affects individuals over 50, with a higher prevalence in women and those of Northern European descent.
Thrombosis
Thrombosis involves the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel. A thrombus in the retinal artery can directly block blood flow to the retina.
Risk Factors: Hypercoagulable states, such as certain genetic conditions or prolonged immobility, can increase the likelihood of thrombosis.
Systemic Diseases
Systemic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, can contribute to the development of RAO.
Risk Factors: Poorly managed systemic conditions can lead to vascular damage and increase the risk of arterial occlusion.
Symptoms of Retinal Artery Occlusion
Retinal artery occlusion typically manifests as a sudden, painless vision loss in one eye. The specific area and extent of vision loss depend on the location of the blockage in the retinal vessels.
Specialized Treatment at Retina Associates Of Greater Philadelphia
We offer comprehensive care for patients with RAO. Our advanced diagnostic testing, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography, allows us to assess and identify blockages in the retinal vessels. Our treatment options include intravitreal injections to reduce inflammation, laser therapy to address complications, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy to improve retinal oxygenation.
Led by experienced ophthalmologists Dr. Jonathan B. Belmont and Dr. Robert Kleiner, our team provides personalized care, ensuring each patient receives the most effective treatment plan tailored to their specific needs. Our patient-centered approach emphasizes compassionate care and thorough communication throughout the treatment journey.
Retinal Care in Pennsylvania and New Jersey
Retinal artery occlusion is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention and ongoing management. At Retina Associates Of Greater Philadelphia, we offer specialized care, advanced diagnostics, and innovative treatments to ensure optimal retinal health. Trust our experienced team to provide the comprehensive care you need to maintain clear and healthy vision.